Please answer in full sentences and answer all parts a Why a

Solution

Climate change mitigation involves reduction in the emission of the green house gases and methane is the second most prevalent greenhouse gas emmitted after CO₂. Methane is emitted by natural sources such as wetlands, as well as human activities such as leakage from natural gas systems and the raising of livestock. Natural processes in soil and chemical reactions in the atmosphere help remove CH4 from the atmosphere. Methane\'s lifetime in the atmosphere is much shorter than carbon dioxide (CO2), but CH4 is more efficient at trapping radiation than CO2. Thus reduction in methane emission is considered as an effective way to mitigate climate change.

b) Energy consumption is an important element in development. With increasing development we are impacting our environment. These negative impacts are manifested in the form the climate change, poor quality of air, soil degradtion. More efficient use to energy will reduce the negative impacts of excessive energy consumption. Thus energy effiency is defined as the goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide products. and services.

For example use of LED as ot reduces the amount of energy required to attain the same level of illumination compared with using traditional incandescent light bulbs.

Designing the northern hemisphere buildings with south facing windows and southern hemisphere buildings with north facing windows increases the amount of sun entering the building, minimizing energy use, by maximizing passive solar heating.

When electricity is generated, the heat that is produced as a by-product can be captured and used for process steam, heating or other industrial purposes.

c) Sequestration is defined a sthe natural or artificial way to capturing CO2 from the atmosphere and storing it in form of either liquied or soild.

There are two major types of CO₂ sequestration: terrestrial and geologic.

Terrestrial (or biologic) sequestration means using plants to capture CO₂ from the atmosphere and then storing it as carbon in the stems and roots of the plants as well as in the soil. In photosynthesis, plants take in CO₂ and give off the oxygen (O₂) to the atmosphere as a waste gas. The plants retain and use the carbon to live and grow. When the plant winters or dies, part of the carbon from the plant is preserved in the soil.

Geologic sequestration is putting CO₂ into long-term storage in geologic zones deep underground.

d) Geoengineering schemes are projects designed to tackle the effects of climate change directly, usually by removing CO2 from the air or limiting the amount of sunlight reaching the planet\'s surface.

Solar Radiation Management: This techniques aim to reflect a small proportion of the Sun’s energy back into space, counteracting the temperature rise caused by increased levels of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere which absorb energy and raise temperatures.

Second techniques aims to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, directly countering the increased greenhouse effect and ocean acidification. This includes afforestation , charring\' biomass and burying it so that its carbon is locked up in the soil and development of large machines which can remove CO2 from the atmosphere.