Please write a summary Paragraph 1 100 words Purpose and bac

Please write a summary

Paragraph 1 (100 words) Purpose and background

Paragraph 2 (100 words) Research methodology OR Main points

Paragraph 3 (100 words) Findings and significance

Purpose and background

       - Who wrote the article?

              - What is the problem or issue?

Research methodology

              - How did the authors conduct the study?

              - Who was involved? Where? What instruments were used? For how long?

Findings and significance

              - What were the conclusions?

              - Why is this important to know?

THE NEW ZEALAND MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol 118 No 1218 ISSN 1175 8716 Advertising and availability of \'obesogenic foods around New Zealand secondary schools: a pilot study Anthony Maher, Nick Wilson, Louise Signal Abstract Aims To examine the extent and content of outdoor food advertisements and food availability from outlets in the vicinity of secondary schools. Methods The sample of schools (n-10) was randomly selected from a sample frame of schools in both an urban and rural region (Wellington and Wairarapa regions respectively) and at each extreme of the socioeconomic status (SES) distribution (based on school characteristics). An area of 1-km radius around the schools was examined for food and non-food product advertisements and shops/outlets. Results Out of 1408 outdoor advertisements for products, 61.5% were for food (ie. 28 per square kilometre). The major categories were soft drinks (21.6%), frozen confectionary (16.2%), savoury snacks (11.4%), and alcohol (8.1%). Overall, 70.2% of food advertisements were for foods classified as \'unhealthy\" i.e. inconsistent with the national nutritional guidelines for adolescents). A majority of the 224 outlets sold food (ie, 56.3%). Those that primarily sold food were (on average) closer than other outlets to the secondary schools (p0.03). Out of those schools that sold meals, the proportion of these that advertised a salad option was significantly lower in the low SES neighbourhoods (p-0.006). Other significantly different patterns for food outlet distribution, and category of advertised food were found by SES and rurality Conclusion Although only a pilot study, the information obtained suggests that food advertising and food outlets are prevalent in the vicinity of secondary schools and that the advertising is generally not compatible with nutritional guidelines for adolescents. Larger studies into such advertising are needed as well as consideration of policy ons to control a s of the obesogenic environment There is growing concem over the prevalence of obesity and related chronic diseases such as diabetes in New Zealand (for example, as shown in the New Zealand Medical Journal articles that appeared in the 17 December 2004 \'theme ssue. URL: obesity has d in New Zealand adults. Over the last 25 years, the prevalence of Also, the National Children\'s Nutrition Survey found that 31% of New Zealand children were overweight or obese, with this figure being over half in some population groups. Childhood obesity is a risk factor for adult obesity but it also has its own adverse psychological and health impacts (c.g. increased risk of insulin Many factors are likely to be involved in the New Zealand and global obesity epidemic, but a key component is probably the \'obesogenic\" environment, which facilitates both overeating of energy dense food and physical inactivity.4 One NZMJ 15 July 2005, Vol 118 No 1218 URL: http Wwww.nzama.org.nzjoumal 118-1218/1556 Page 10 of 18 O NZMA

Solution

Purpose and Background:

The purpose of the study was to understand the exposure of students to food advertisement in terms of its content and study the availability unhealthy food items in and around the schools. This was done to determine if the promotions norms adhered to the nutritional guidelines for adolescents.

The study was conducted around 10 random schools in the region of Wellington and Wairarapa. They chose samples from across extreme social economic status and distribution. The study was conducted within 1 km radius of the schools. The purpose was to check the content of the advertisements of food and non-food items. Further, they wanted to examine the product offerings of the shopping outlets around the school vicinity.

Research methodology OR Main points:

The research methodology studied a sample of 10 schools 6 urban and 4 rural for pilot study conducted in Wellington and Wairarapa region. They chose sampling across different socio economic status (SES as taken from ministry of education classification system) to find the differentiation and advertisement spread according to net disposable income. The schools located in the central business areas and very remote areas were not included. The study was conducted for schools taking 1 km from the main gate of the schools. Also all outdoor stationary advertisements were taken into account, which included logos and intended messages. Also outlets were defined as any place offering food for sale. The nutritional classification was as per the norms dictated by the nutritional guidelines. The data on advertisement was collected in terms of the product, brand , size, distance measured from the school gate etc. The study did not take into account ads on moving vehicles and other form of advertisement such as TV ads, Print media etc.

Findings and significance:

There were 1408 advertisements located around the randomly selected 10 schools. The study found that 61.5% advertisements around school vicinity were of food items. Total 70.2% of food advertised was qualified as inconsistent with nutritional guidelines for adolescents. The study also noticed 8 out of 10 foods did not meet the nutritional guidelines. Further, the study found that the schools patronized by high net disposable income of adults had more food outlets located in their vicinity compared to schools located in areas with low net disposable income. The high value items were advertised and food outlets located predominantly in areas with high disposable incomes, these encouraged students to eat out more often and avoid carrying lunch packs. Most of the food available at these outlets was unhealthy and was not as per norms dictated by the nutritional guidelines. This study also included 28 advertisements in area of 1km around the school but they could not account for advertisements on moving vehicles and they did not account for television ads, radio jingles, print media and ads on products.

Who wrote the article

The article is written by A Maher, N Wilson, L. Signal. Department of Public health, Wellington School of Medicine and health sciences, University of Otago, Wellington.

What is the problem or issue?

The issue here is growing epidemic obesity in young children and how it is fanned by advertisements and availability of obesity-prone foods in and around the school vicinity.

“*as per guidelines can answer up to 4 questions.”