Explain what is meant by the term Central Dogma of Biology a

Explain what is meant by the term \"Central Dogma of Biology\" and briefly describe two scientific discoveries that led to its development.

Solution

Answer:

The Central Dogma in Biology explains the flow of genetic information within the biological system, i.e, DNA to RNA to make a functional protein product.

The Central Dogma suggests the flow of information in our cells occur in the following pattern:

i. From existing DNA to new DNA (Replication)

ii. From DNA to RNA (Transcription)

iii. From RNA to proteins (Translation)

Two scientific discoveries that led to its development are:

i. The discovery of the double helical nature of DNA suggested as to how it could be replicated such that the flow of genetic information could take place from one generation to the next.

The detailed concepts about the how the information carried in DNA was translated into proteins were clarified with the discovery of mRNA, tRNA and the genetic code.

ii. The discovery that the onset of protein synthesis in cells is accompanied by an increase in the RNA content of the cytoplasm and an increase in its rate of turnover.