Give the function of each of the following Pick one of the i

Give the function of each of the following: Pick one of the important experiments on the Meselson and Stahl; Griffith; Avery, found out about DNA and how they did it.

Solution

Enhancer: An enhancer is a short dna sequence that when bound by transcription factors, help in the likelihood that a gene whether located upstream or downstream is transcribed. Enhancer can act on genes that are located nearby (cis) or far away (trans) from it but is generally cis acting.

Insulator: Insulators are certain sequence elements that are located between enhancer and promoters which blocks that action of distal enhancer on the promoter. Enhancer blocking only occurs when the insulator is is situated between the enhancer and the promoter. This prevents an enhancer from activating expression of a gene that is located adjacent to the insulator.

Promoter: Promoter serve as the target for the recognition and binding of the enzyme RNA polymerase that initiate transcription and is itself not transcribed.

Transcriptional activator: Transcriptional activatorsare poteins which promotes initiation of transcription when bound to the activator binding site usually located upstream of the promoter. Ego, catabolite activator protein also known as cAMP.

Regulator protein: Regulator protein function is to induce and repress transcription when they bind to a DNA site. They can exert either positive or negative control on transcription. Negative transcriptional control occurs when protein inhibits initiation of transcription but positive transcriptional control occurs when the protein promotes initiation